Ganz einfach - Die Mauer ist weg!!! Germany celebrates the 20th anniversary of the Mauerfall. On November 9 1989 the Berlin wall came down. Aber wie kam das überhaupt - eine Mauer mitten in Berlin??
Teilung DeutschlandsAfter World War I

I (1939 - 1945) Germany was divided into 4 zones: die US- amerikanische, die britische, die französiche und die sowjetische Zone. The capital Berlin was divided aswell. In 1949 the western zones controlled by Britain, the US and France became the BRD (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) and the eastern Soviet zone became the DDR (Deutsche Demokratische Republik). They were informally known as "Westdeutschland" and "Ostdeutschland". Hauptstadt of West-Germany was Bonn. A problem was the former capital Berlin because it is situated in the middle of the DDR. Great Britain, Frankreich and the USA didn't want the Soviet politicians to have the control over Berlin as they were afraid that the Soviet Union could control not only Berlin but whole Germany. Finally Berlin wurde into Westberlin and Ostberlin geteilt. The western part belonged to Westdeutschland and the eastern part to Ostdeutschland. In the middle of the DDR there was a little part which belonged to the BRD.
Leben in der BRD und DDR
West Germany was a democracy similar to the UK. During the following years especially America invested billions of dollars in Westdeutschland and the standard of living rose. Es ging den Leuten wieder besser und es gab wieder fast alles zu kaufen. Houses were build nad people began to have cars and things like TVs and Waschmaschinen. This time of economic growth in Westdeutschland beginnig in the 1950s is called "Wirtschaftswunder" (e.g. economic miracle).
In contrary the DDR was a Com

munist country like the Soviet Union and other "Eastern Bloc" countries. The people in the DDR didn't get support from the Soviet Union but they still had to pay for war damage. Den Leuten ging es viel schlechter. They earned less than people in Westdeutschland and it was impossible to get some things in shops in Ostdeutschland.
Außerdem people in the DDR could not decide on what was going to happen in their country and the Regierung was very strict. Therefore a lot of people came over the border from Ostdeutschland nach Westdeutschland. Von 1949 bis 1961 more than zwei Millionen Menschen emigrated in die BRD. This was a big problem for the Regierung of the DDR because mainly young and educated people left the Land. The Politiker in the DDR were afraid that more and more people would leave their country. For this reason they closed the Grenze zur Bundesrepublik Deutschland. But the plan to build a Mauer surrounding West Berlin and to close the border between East and West Germany was top secret. In fact, Walter Ulbricht leader of East Germany, had said on June 15 1961 "Niemand hat dich Absicht eine Mauer zu errichten!" (e.g. Nobody wants to build a wall!)
Bau der Mauer

On August 13 1961 they started building a wall right through Berlin. At midnight Soviet and East German commanders ordered their armies out of their barrack. Soldaten and border police stood armed with machine guns while labourers laid concrete blocks and Stacheldraht (barbed wire). Kein Bürger der DDR sollte mehr in die BRD kommen können. More and more Menschen of the DDR were unhappy with their government. They did not want to be locked in their country. They were not allowed to travel in foreign countries and until 1964 people from Westberlin were not allowed to visit their relatives in Ostberlin. Thousands of people therefore tried to flee from the DDR. This was very gefährlich (dangerous) because the border between both states was guarded and the soldiers had the order to shoot everybody who tried to escape. More than 1000 people died auf der Flucht aus der DDR

Demonstrationen
Many years later there were protests against the East German Regierung. People who had stayed in the DDR started to demonstrate against the Regierung and politicians from other countries tried to persuade the DDR to open its borders again. Gorbatschow became president of the Soviet Union and there were a lot of reforms in the Eastern Bloc states. After Ungarn (Hungary) opened the Grenze to Austria in August 1989 more than 13,000 Ostdeutsche escaped within 3 days. This was the biggest escape since the Mauer was built. Eventually a new government took over and allowed free travel again from East to West. But what exactly happened on November 9 1989?
Fall der Mauer
Um 18.53h there is a Pressek

onferenz and Günter Schabowski announces the new Reiserecht in der DDR. People had to apply for a visa but were allowed to travel everywhere. Those news spread quickly and were on the news at 20.00h. A lot of people went to see whether the border to Westberlin was really open and gathered at the Grenzübergang. The soldiers and police there didn't know anything about the new law and did not open the Tor. The crowd was shouting " Tor auf! Tor auf!"
. There were more and more people gathering at the border crossings in Berlin and finally the commander decided

that they could not control the crowd any longer. They opened the border. Until 00.02h all Grenzübergänge in Berlin were open. Thousands of people crossed the border between Ost- und Westberlin in dieser Nacht
and during the following day. Die Mauer war nach 28 Jahren gefallen. They were welcomed by thousands of Westberlinern who celebrated in front of the Brandenburger Tor all night and climbed the wall.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snsdDb7KDkg (English)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQpeNuZK-Mc (Deutsch)
For many of them it was true what Bürgermeistes Mompe said the following day: "Wir sind jetzt das glücklichste Volk auf der Welt!"
The wall was knocked down and there are only few parts of it left as a memory an die deutsche Teilung. Almost one year later on October 3 1990 Germany was officially reunited aber das feiern wir nächstes Jahr!
Berlin wird leben und die Mauer wird fallen!!
(Willi Brandt 10.11.1989)

